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µ¥´Ï¿À Sproulie H. Denio Àü¸®¿À(ï£×âçö) 1910.01.18.-1964.06.10. ¹Ì±¹ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÈ¸(Christian Assemblies, Çѱ¹¸íĪ: Á¾µéÀÇ ¸ðÀÓ) ¼±±³»ç.

ÀϺ»±âµ¶¿¬°¨(Full text of "The Japan Christian year-book")¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¼±±³È¸ ¼Ò¼Ó ¼±±³»çµéÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò·Ï¿¡ ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® µ¥´Ï¿À¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µåÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö°¡ µµÄì·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ¼Ò¼ÓÀº '±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÈ¸'(Christian Assemblies, CA)·Î µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À(Sproulie H. Denio)´Â ·Î¿ì·£µå ½ºÅ׺ù(Rowland Stebbing) °¡¹®ÀÇ 12´ë¼ÕÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹öÁö ÈÞ µ¥´Ï¿À(Hugh Denio)¿Í ¾î¸Ó´Ï ·¹¶ó È£½ºÅ²Áî(Lela Hoskins) »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÏ°ö ÀÚ³àµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¸ºÀÌ·Î 1910³â 1¿ù 18ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇʵå(Bakersfield)¿¡¼­ ž¼­ 1964³â 6¿ù 10ÀÏ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ¼Òõ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À´Â ÇÑ ¹øµµ °áÈ¥ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¼­¿ï¿¡¼­ ¼±±³»ç·Î »ç¿ªÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ ¹¯Çû´Ù. Çѱ¹À̸§Àº Àü¸®¿À(ï£×âçö)À̸ç, ¾çÈ­Áø ºñ¹®¿¡´Â 'Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Ã漺µÈ Á¾'À̶ó°í ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ »çÃÌÀÎ Àè ½ºÅÄÅ©¸®ÇÁÀÇ ±Û(¡°Early History of the Gospel in Bakersfield, California¡± written by Jack Stancliff)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÄ£ ·¹¶ó(Lela)´Â ¸º¾Æµé ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®°¡ °«³­¾ÆÀÌ ¶§ ±×¸¦ Ç°¿¡ ¾È°í ÁÖ´ÔÀ» ¿µÁ¢ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±× ÈÄ·Î 10¿© ³â µ¿¾È ³²Æí ÈÞ µ¥´Ï¿À(Hugh Denio)°¡ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °í¹éÇϱâ±îÁö È¥ÀÚ¼­ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» µ¥¸®°í ±³È¸¸¦ Ãâ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× °á°ú ÀÏ°ö ¸íÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé °¡¿îµ¥ 4¸íÀÌ º¹À½ ÀüµµÀÚÀÇ ±æÀ» °É¾ú´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®´Â 1931³â¿¡ »ç¿ªÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå(Don Garland)´Â ¦À» ÀÌ·ç¾î Çѱ¹¿¡ ¼±±³»ç·Î ÀÔ±¹ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ °¡Á¤Àº ½Å¾ÓÀÌ µ·µ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¿»ý Æ®·ç¸Õ(Truman)Àº 1933³â¿¡ »ç¿ªÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. Æ®·ç¸ÕÀº 1940³â´ë ÈĹݿ¡ Çʸ®ÇÉ¿¡ ¼±±³»ç·Î °¬À¸¸ç, ¿©µ¿»ý ·¹³ª(Lena)´Â 1935³â¿¡, ³²µ¿»ý Ä® µ¥´Ï¿À(Carl Denio)´Â 1937³â¿¡ »ç¿ª¿¡ µé¾î°¬´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÄ£ ·¹¶ó´Â 1949³â 3¿ù 26ÀÏ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇʵ忡¼­ ¼ÒõÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ºÎÄ£ ÈÞ´Â ¸Å ¹Ù·¹Å¸ Å©·ÎÆ÷µå(Mae Valetta Crawford)¿Í ÀçÈ¥ÇÏ¿© Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ·Î½º °¡Å佺(Los Gatos)¿¡¼­ Á×À» ¶§±îÁö »ì´Ù°¡ 1955³â 8¿ù 1ÀÏ »êÈ£¼¼(San Jose)¿¡¼­ ¼Òõ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÄ£°ú ÇÔ²² ºÎÄ£µµ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇÊµå ±×¸°·Ð(Greenlawn) °øµ¿¹¦Áö¿¡ ¹¯Çû´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå°¡ ¼Ò¼ÓÇß´ø ±³´ÜÀº ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå¿¡¼­ 1897³â¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ±³È¸¸íÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â Ãʱ³ÆÄ(Church with No Name)¿îµ¿À» ÆîÄ£ Àª¸®¾ö ¾î¹ÙÀÎ(Willaim Irvine, 1863-1947)ÀÇ »ç»ó¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº À̸§µé·Î ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô ºÒ¸°´Ù: Workers, Friends, Home Church, The Truth, The Way, Meetings, Gospel, Cooneyites, Christian Conventions, Hymns Old & New, Two by Twos. ÀÌ ¿îµ¿À» ´õ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캸¸é, °¡Á¤Á߽ɱ³È¸(home-based church)À̸ç, ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î´Â "The Truth" ¶Ç´Â "The Way"¶ó ºÒ¸®¸ç, ¿ÜºÎÀûÀ¸·Î´Â "Two by Twos" ȤÀº "No-name Church"·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. À̹ۿ¡ "Cooneyites," "Workers and Friends"À¸·Îµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¿ªÀÚµéÀº ¼øȸ¸ñȸÀÚµé·Î¼­ µÑ¾¿ ¦À» ÀÌ·ï »ç¿ªÇÑ´Ù. ±³´Ü¸íÀÌ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â "Christian Conventions," Ä«³ª´Ù¿¡¼­´Â "Assemblies of Christians," ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â "The Testimony of Jesus," ½º¿þµ§¿¡¼­´Â "Kristina I Sverige"(½º¿þµ§ÀÇ Å©¸®½ºÆ¼³ª), ±×¸®°í È£ÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â "United Christian Conventions"À¸·Î µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª ȸ¿øµéÀº À̵é À̸§µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â ¡®Á¾µéÀÇ ¸ðÀÓ¡¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®¸ç Àü±¹¿¡ 500¿©¸íÀÇ ½ÅÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Àå±â·Á ¹Ú»ç°¡ ¸»³â¿¡ ÀÌ ¸ðÀÓÀÇ È¸¿øÀ̾ú°í, ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡¼­ È°µ¿ÇÑ °¨¸®±³ÀΠȲÇý¼ö(1892-1984) ¹Ú»ç, À¯ÀÏÇÑ(À¯ÇѾçÇà ⸳ÀÚ) ¹Ú»çÀÇ µ¿»ýÀÌÀÚ ´ëÇÑ°£È£»çÇùȸ ȸÀåÀ» ¿ªÀÓÇÑ À¯¼øÇÑÀÌ È¸¿øÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® µ¥´Ï¿ÀÀÇ ¹¦ºñ¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓÀ» '±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸'·Î »õ±ä ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×µéÀÇ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ Ãʴ뱳ȸ·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡·Á´Â ȯ¿ø¿îµ¿, ħ¼ö¼¼·Ê¿Í ÁÖÀÇ ¸¸Âù µî ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé ¿îµ¿°ú ¸¹Àº Á¡¿¡¼­ À¯»çÇÑ °øÅëÁ¡À» °®°í ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ Á¡µµ ¸¹´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®°¡ µ¶½ÅÀ¸·Î ÀÏ»ýÀ» ¸¶Ä£ °ÍÀ̳ª µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå¿Í ¦(Two by Twos)À» ÀÌ·ï ¼±±³»ç·Î ³ª¼± °ÍÀº ±³´ÜÀÇ ±³¸®Àû ¹è°æ ¶§¹®À̸ç, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ȸÁßÁ¤Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °¨µ¶Á¤Ä¡(Episcopal)¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ Å©´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® µ¥´Ï¿À°¡ ¼Ò¼ÓÇß´ø ±³È¸µé¿¡¼­´Â ±³¸®¼­¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, »ç¿ªÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­ ±¸¼ú·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ±³È¸´Â ¹èŸÀûÀ̸ç, ±¸¿øÀº °¡Á¤µµ µ·µµ Áö´ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ñȸ¼³±³¿Í °¡Á¤µé¿¡¼­ ¸ðÀÓµéÀ» °®´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡µµ ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®¿Í µµ³ÎµåÀÇ Çѱ¹ »ç¿ªÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ» ã±â°¡ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù. »ïÀ§ÀÏü·ÐÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ȸ¿øµéÀº ±³È¸¸íĪÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±³È¸ »ç¿ªÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­ º£Ç®¾îÁö´Â ħ¼ö¼¼·Ê°¡ ¿ÏÀüÂü¿©·Î ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±³È¸´Â ÁÖÀåÇϴ ȯ¿øÀÌ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â 19¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡ ÀϾ´ÙÇÒÁö¶óµµ 1¼¼±â Ãʴ뱳ȸ¿Í Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿¬¼Ó¼ºÀ» °®´Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ȸ¿øµéÀº Á¤±ÔÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀÏ¿¹¹è¿Í ÁÖÁß¿¡ µå¸®´Â ¿¹¹è¿Í ¼º°æ°øºÎ¸¦ Áö¿ªÀÇ °¡Á¤µé¿¡¼­ ¸ðÀ̸ç, ±³È¸´Â ¸Å³â Áö¿ª ÄÁº¥¼Ç°ú °ø°³ÀûÀÎ º¹À½ÁýȸµéÀ» °³ÃÖÇÑ´Ù. ±³È¸´Â °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ º»ºÎµéÀ̳ª ÃâÆǹ°À» °®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Âù¼Û°¡³ª ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³»ºÎÀÚ·áµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÃâÆÇ»çµéÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ Àμ⸦ ÀÇ·ÚÇÑ´Ù. ⸳ÀÚ Àª¸®¾ö ¾î¹ÙÀΰúÀÇ ±³¸®ÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ¸î¸î ÆÄ·Î ºÐ¿­µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Äí´ÏÆÄ(Cooneyite)°¡ ±× °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ±³¸®ÀûÀΠƯ¡µéÀ» Á¤¸®Çغ¸¸é, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼º°æÁß½É, °¡Á¤±³È¸Áß½É(±³È¸´ç °Ç¹°¾øÀ½), µ¶½Å ¸ñȸÀÚÁß½É(°¡Á¤¾øÀ½, ¹«º¸¼ö), ¿¹Á¤·Ð, ¿øÁË, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹ÏÀ½¸¸ÀÇ ÄªÀÇ, ±¸¿øÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î½áÀÇ ±¸¼Ó·Ð ºÎÁ¤, »ïÀ§ÀÏü·ÐÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ¿©È£¿ÍÁõÀεéó·³ ´ÜÀϽŷÐÀû ±âµ¶·ÐÀ» ÁÖÀå. ±³È¸´Â Áö»ó¼³¸³ÀÚ¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀ̾߸»·Î 1¼¼±â Ãʴ뱳ȸ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ±â¿øÀ» °®´Â "Âü ±×¸®½ºµµ(ÀÎ)ÀÇ ±³È¸"(true Christian Church)¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¿ë¾îµé·Î½á´Â ±³È¸(church), ¸ðÀÓ(meeting), Çʵå(field), ¼±±³(mission), Ä£±¸(friend), ¼ºµµ(saint), °í¹éÇÏ´Ù(profess), °¨µ¶(bishop), Àå·Î(elder), Áý»ç(deacon), »ç¿ªÀÚ(worker), Á¾(servant), »çµµ(apostle), Ã¥Àӻ翪ÀÚ(head worker), °¨µ¶(overseer) µîÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ.

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[Âü°í¹®Çå] ½Åȣö, ¡º¾çÈ­Áø ¼±±³»ç¡»(´ëÇÑ ¿¹¼ö±³Àå·Îȸ ¼­¿ï¼­³ëȸ, 2004), 279, http://www.yanghwajin.co.kr/sun/sun_book.php; ¡®Àå±â·Á, ¸»³âÀÇ ¸àÅä/ Áö°­À¯Ã¶¡¯,  https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=kjyoun24&logNo=222067884515; Full text of "The Japan Christian year-book."; Jack Stancliff, ¡°Early History of the Gospel in Bakersfield, California.¡±; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_by_Twos; http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/a/l/t/Jeannette-Altair/GENE4-0010.html; http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/MhHyEgoC8PVH9-zIkemUhg; http://www.enotes.com/topic/Two_by_Twos; http://www.genealogy.com/users/a/l/t/Jeannette-Altair-/FILE/0001text.txt; http://www.macoree.com/Jeoldusan.html; http://www.tellingthetruth.info/history_pioneering/usa-1.php; http://www.tellingthetruth.info/history_pioneering/usa-1.php. 

Á¶µ¿È£ ¸ñ»ç(±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸ ¿¬±¸¼Ò)

[»çÁø¼³¸í] ÁÂÃøºÎÅÍ Àè ½ºÅÄŬ¸®ÇÁ(Jack Stancliff), Çظ® ¹«·¡µð¾ð(Harry Mooradian), ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® µ¥´Ï¿À(Sproulie Denio).
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http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/MhHyEgoC8PVH9-zIkemUhg

[»çÁø¼³¸í] 2005³â 9¿ù 3ÀÏ ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡¼­ ¾çÈ­Áø¼±±³È¸ ½ÅȣöÀå·Î´Ô, ¼­¿ï ±×¸®½ºµµÀDZ³È¸ Ãִ뼺 Àå·Î´Ô, ÇùÀÇȸ ±³È¸»çÆíÂùÀ§¿øÀå ÃÖ¿¬±â ¸ñ»ç´ÔÀÌ ÇÔ²² ÂïÀº »çÁø.

ÇùÀÇȸ ±³È¸»çÆíÂùÀ§¿øÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í °è½Å ÃÖ¿¬±â¸ñ»ç´Ô²²¼­ ¾çÈ­Áø¼±±³È¸ ȸÀåÀ̽Š½Åȣö Àå·Î´Ô°ú ´ã¼ÒÇÏ´ø Áß ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸ ¼±±³»ç¿´´ø ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À°¡ ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ ¾ÈÀåµÇ¾î °è½Ã´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½Åȣö Àå·Î´Ô²²¼­ ÁýÇÊÇϽŠ<¾çÈ­Áø ¼±±³»ç>(´ëÇÑ ¿¹¼ö±³Àå·Îȸ ¼­¿ï¼­³ëȸ, 2004) 279ÂÊ¿¡ ¼Ò°³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹À̸§Àº Àü¸®¿À(ï£×âçö)À̸ç, ¾çÈ­Áø ºñ¹®¿¡´Â 'Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Ã漺µÈ Á¾'À̶ó°í ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù.

1. ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ Àáµç ¼±±³»ç, ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À(SPROULIE H. DENIO)´Â ·Î¿ì·£µå ½ºÅ׺ù(Rowland Stebbing) °¡¹®ÀÇ 12´ë¼ÕÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹öÁö ÈÞ µ¥´Ï¿À(HUGH DENIO)¿Í ¾î¸Ó´Ï ·¹¶ó È£½ºÅ²Áî(LELA HOSKINS) »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÏ°ö ÀÚ³àµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¸ºÀÌ·Î 1910³â 1¿ù 18ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÁÖ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇʵ忡¼­ ž¼­ 1964³â 6¿ù 10ÀÏ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ¼Òõ Çϼ̴Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À´Â ÇÑ ¹øµµ °áÈ¥ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¼­¿ï¿¡¼­ ¼±±³»ç·Î »ç¿ªÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ ¹¯Çû´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ½±°Ôµµ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ »ç¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.

¾Æ¹öÁö ÈÞ µ¥´Ï¿À(Hugh B. Denio)´Â 1886³â 9¿ù 5ÀÏ¿¡ Ãâ»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ·¹¶ó È£½ºÅ²Áî(Lela J. Hoskins)¿Í 1908³â 3¿ù 8ÀÏ¿¡ °áÈ¥ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇʵ忡 Á¤ÂøÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ½½ÇÏ¿¡ ÀÏ°ö ¸íÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀ» µÎ¾ú´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ »çÃÌÀÎ Àè ½ºÅÄÅ©¸®ÇÁÀÇ ±Û(¡°Early History of the Gospel in Bakersfield, California¡± written by Jack Stancliff)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÄ£ ·¹¶ó(Lela)´Â ¸º¾Æµé ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®°¡ °«³­¾ÆÀÌ ¶§ ±×¸¦ Ç°¿¡ ¾È°í ÁÖ´ÔÀ» ¿µÁ¢ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±× ÈÄ·Î 10¿© ³â µ¿¾È ³²Æí ÈÞ µ¥´Ï¿À(Hugh Denio)°¡ ½Å¾ÓÀ» °í¹éÇϱâ±îÁö È¥ÀÚ¼­ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» µ¥¸®°í ±³È¸¸¦ Ãâ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× °á°ú ÀÏ°ö ¸íÀÇ ÀÚ³àµé °¡¿îµ¥ 4¸íÀÌ º¹À½ ÀüµµÀÚÀÇ ±æÀ» °É¾ú´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®´Â 1931³â¿¡ »ç¿ªÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå(Don Garland)´Â Çѱ¹¿¡ ¼±±³»ç·Î °¬´Ù. ÀϺ»±âµ¶¿¬°¨(Full text of "The Japan Christian year-book")¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¼±±³È¸ ¼Ò¼Ó ¼±±³»çµéÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò·Ï¿¡ ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® µ¥´Ï¿À¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µåÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö°¡ µµÄì·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ¼Ò¼ÓÀº '±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÈ¸'(Christian Assemblies, CA)·Î ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ °¡Á¤Àº ½Å¾ÓÀÌ µ·µ¶ÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¿»ý Æ®·ç¸Õ(Truman)Àº 1933³â¿¡ »ç¿ªÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. Æ®·ç¸ÕÀº 1940³â´ë ÈĹݿ¡ Çʸ®ÇÉ¿¡ ¼±±³»ç·Î °¬À¸¸ç, ¿©µ¿»ý ·¹³ª(Lena)´Â 1935³â¿¡, ³²µ¿»ý Ä® µ¥´Ï¿À(Carl Denio)´Â 1937³â¿¡ »ç¿ª¿¡ µé¾î°¬´Ù.

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÄ£ ·¹¶ó´Â 1949³â 3¿ù 26ÀÏ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇʵ忡¼­ ¼ÒõÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ºÎÄ£ ÈÞ´Â ¸Å ¹Ù·¹Å¸ Å©·ÎÆ÷µå(Mae Valetta Crawford)¿Í ÀçÈ¥ÇÏ¿© Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ·Î½º °¡Å佺(Los Gatos)¿¡¼­ Á×À» ¶§±îÁö »ì´Ù°¡ 1955³â 8¿ù 1ÀÏ »êÈ£¼¼(San Jose)¿¡¼­ ¼Òõ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¸ðÄ£°ú ÇÔ²² ºÎÄ£µµ º£ÀÌÄ¿ÁîÇÊµå ±×¸°·Ð(Greenlawn) °øµ¿¹¦Áö¿¡ ¹¯Çû´Ù.

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2. ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ Àáµç ¼±±³»ç, ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿ÀÀÇ ¼Ò¼Ó ±³´Ü¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­

½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À(Sproulie H. Denio)¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå(Don Garland)´Â ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸ ¼Ò¼Ó ¼±±³»çµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ÀϺ»±âµ¶¿¬°¨(Full text of "The Japan Christian year-book")¿¡ ½Ç¸° ±×´ë·Î ±×µéÀÇ ¼Ò¼ÓÀº '±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÈ¸'(Christian Assemblies, CA)¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ À̸§Àº 1992³â±îÁö ¼±±³»ç ºñÀÚ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸ ¼Ò¼Ó ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»çµé"(http://kccs.pe.kr/rmp022.htm)ÀÇ ¸í´Ü¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

»ó±âÇÑ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ÀÚ·áµé¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À¿Í µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå°¡ ¼Ò¼ÓÇß´ø ±³´ÜÀº ¹Ì±¹ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸ ¿îµ¿º¸´Ù °ÅÀÇ ÇÑ ¼¼±â°¡·®À̳ª ´Ê°Ô ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå¿¡¼­ 1897³â¿¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ±³È¸¸íÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â Ãʱ³ÆÄ(Church with No Name)¿îµ¿À» ÆîÄ£ Àª¸®¾ö ¾î¹ÙÀÎ(Willaim Irvine, 1863-1947)ÀÇ »ç»ó¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº À̸§µé·Î ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô ºÒ¸°´Ù: Workers, Friends, Home Church, The Truth, The Way, Meetings, Gospel, Cooneyites, Christian Conventions, Hymns Old & New, Two by Twos. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®ÀÇ ¹¦ºñ¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓÀ» '±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸'·Î »õ±ä ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¾Æ¸¶ ±×ÀÇ ¼Ò¼ÓÀÌ '±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ¼ºÈ¸'(Christian Conventions)¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÃßÃøµÈ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¿îµ¿Àº Ãʱ³ÆĿ, ±³È¸¸í¾²±â¾Ê±â¿îµ¿ ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ Ãʴ뱳ȸ·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡·Á´Â ȯ¿ø¿îµ¿, ħ¼ö¼¼·Ê¿Í ÁÖÀǸ¸Âù µî Ãʱ⠹̱¹ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé ȤÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé ¿îµ¿°ú ¸¹Àº Á¡¿¡¼­ À¯»çÇÑ °øÅëÁ¡À» °®´Â´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ´õ¿í ±×·¸´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ Á¡µµ ¸¹´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®°¡ µ¶½ÅÀ¸·Î ÀÏ»ýÀ» ¸¶Ä£ °ÍÀ̳ª µµ³Îµå °¡·£µå¿Í ¦(Two by Twos)À» ÀÌ·ï ¼±±³»ç·Î ³ª¼± °ÍÀº ±³´ÜÀÇ ±³¸®Àû ¹è°æ ¶§¹®À̸ç, ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù ȸÁßÁ¤Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ °¨µ¶Á¤Ä¡(Episcopal)¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ µå·¯³­´Ù.
 

[»çÁø¼³¸í] ÀÌ ¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÃÊâ±â ¼³±³°¡µé ÁÂÃøºÎÅÍ Àª¸®¾ö Áú(William Gill), Àª¸®¾ö ¾î¹ÙÀÎ(William Irvine), Á¶Áö ¿öÄ¿(George Walker)

ÀÌ ¿îµ¿À» ´õ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î »ìÆ캸¸é, °¡Á¤Á߽ɱ³È¸(home-based church)À̸ç, ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î´Â "The Truth" ¶Ç´Â "The Way"¶ó ºÒ¸®¸ç, ¿ÜºÎÀûÀ¸·Î´Â "Two by Twos" ȤÀº "No-name Church"·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. À̹ۿ¡ "Cooneyites," "Workers and Friends"À¸·Îµµ ºÒ¸°´Ù. ±³È¸ÀÇ »ç¿ªÀÚµéÀº ¼øȸ¸ñȸÀÚµé·Î¼­ µÑ¾¿ ¦À» ÀÌ·ï »ç¿ªÇÑ´Ù. ±³´Ü¸íÀÌ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â "Christian Conventions," Ä«³ª´Ù¿¡¼­´Â "Assemblies of Christians," ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â "The Testimony of Jesus," ½º¿þµ§¿¡¼­´Â "Kristina I Sverige," ±×¸®°í È£ÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â "United Christian Conventions"À¸·Î µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª ȸ¿øµéÀº À̵é À̸§µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â 'Á¾µéÀÇ ¸ðÀÓ'À̶ó ºÒ¸®¸ç Àü±¹¿¡ 500¿©¸íÀÇ ½ÅÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Àå±â·Á ¹Ú»ç°¡ ¸»³â¿¡ ÀÌ ¸ðÀÓÀÇ È¸¿øÀ̾ú°í, ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ¿¡¼­ È°µ¿ÇÑ °¨¸®±³ÀΠȲÇý¼ö(1892-1984) ¹Ú»ç, À¯ÀÏÇÑ(À¯ÇѾçÇà ⸳ÀÚ) ¹Ú»çÀÇ µ¿»ýÀÌÀÚ ´ëÇÑ°£È£»çÇùȸ ȸÀåÀ» ¿ªÀÓÇÑ À¯¼øÇÑÀÌ È¸¿øÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

±³È¸´Â ±³¸®¼­¸¦ ¸¸µéÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, »ç¿ªÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­ ±¸¼ú·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ±³È¸´Â ¹èŸÀûÀ̸ç, ±¸¿øÀº °¡Á¤µµ µ·µµ Áö´ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ñȸ¼³±³¿Í °¡Á¤µé¿¡¼­ ¸ðÀÓµéÀ» °®´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÁؼöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡µµ ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸®¿Í µµ³ÎµåÀÇ Çѱ¹ »ç¿ªÀÇ ÈçÀûÀ» ã±â¶õ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ» µí ½Í´Ù. »ïÀ§ÀÏü·ÐÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ȸ¿øµéÀº ±³È¸¸íĪÀ» ºÎÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±³È¸ »ç¿ªÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇؼ­ º£Ç®¾îÁö´Â ħ¼ö¼¼·Ê°¡ ¿ÏÀüÂü¿©·Î ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±³È¸´Â ÁÖÀåÇϴ ȯ¿øÀÌ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î´Â 19¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡ ÀϾ´ÙÇÒÁö¶óµµ 1¼¼±â Ãʴ뱳ȸ¿Í Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿¬¼Ó¼ºÀ» °®´Â´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.

ȸ¿øµéÀº Á¤±ÔÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀÏ¿¹¹è¿Í ÁÖÁß¿¡ µå¸®´Â ¿¹¹è¿Í ¼º°æ°øºÎ¸¦ Áö¿ªÀÇ °¡Á¤µé¿¡¼­ ¸ðÀ̸ç, ±³È¸´Â ¸Å³â Áö¿ª ÄÁº¥¼Ç°ú °ø°³ÀûÀÎ º¹À½ÁýȸµéÀ» °³ÃÖÇÑ´Ù. ±³È¸´Â °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ º»ºÎµéÀ̳ª ÃâÆǹ°À» °®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Âù¼Û°¡³ª ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³»ºÎÀÚ·áµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÃâÆÇ»çµéÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ Àμ⸦ ÀÇ·ÚÇÑ´Ù. ⸳ÀÚ Àª¸®¾ö ¾î¹ÙÀΰúÀÇ ±³¸®ÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ¸î¸î ÆÄ·Î ºÐ¿­µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Äí´ÏÆÄ(Cooneyite)°¡ ±× °¡¿îµ¥ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.

±³¸®ÀûÀΠƯ¡µéÀ» Á¤¸®Çغ¸¸é, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¼º°æÁß½É, °¡Á¤±³È¸Áß½É(±³È¸´ç °Ç¹°¾øÀ½), µ¶½Å ¸ñȸÀÚÁß½É(°¡Á¤¾øÀ½, ¹«º¸¼ö), ¿¹Á¤·Ð, ¿øÁË, ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹ÏÀ½¸¸ÀÇ ÄªÀÇ, ±¸¿øÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î½áÀÇ ±¸¼Ó·Ð ºÎÁ¤, ¸Å¿ì ¹èŸÀûÀ̾ ´Ù¸¥ ±³È¸µé°ú ±³ÆÄ ¹× Á¾±³µéÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½. »ïÀ§ÀÏü·ÐÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ°í ¿©È£¿ÍÁõÀεéó·³ ´ÜÀϽŷÐÀû ±âµ¶·ÐÀ» ÁÖÀå. ±³È¸´Â Áö»ó¼³¸³ÀÚ¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀ̾߸»·Î 1¼¼±â Ãʴ뱳ȸ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ±â¿øÀ» °®´Â "Âü ±×¸®½ºµµ(ÀÎ)ÀÇ ±³È¸"(true Christian Church)¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ¿ë¾îµé·Î½á´Â ±³È¸(church), ¸ðÀÓ(meeting), Çʵå(field), ¼±±³(mission), Ä£±¸(friend), ¼ºµµ(saint), °í¹éÇÏ´Ù(profess), °¨µ¶(bishop), Àå·Î(elder), Áý»ç(deacon), »ç¿ªÀÚ(worker), Á¾(servant), »çµµ(apostle), Ã¥Àӻ翪ÀÚ(head worker), °¨µ¶(overseer) µîÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ. °¨µ¶Ã¼Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.

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[htm¹®¼­ ¹× »çÁø ÀÚ·á]http://kccs.pe.kr/rmp056.htm 
ÇùÀÇȸ ±³È¸»çÆíÂùÀ§¿øÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í °è½Å ÃÖ¿¬±â¸ñ»ç´Ô²²¼­ ¾çÈ­Áø¼±±³È¸ ȸÀåÀ̽Š½Åȣö Àå·Î´Ô°ú ´ã¼ÒÇÏ´ø Áß ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸ ¼±±³»ç¿´´ø ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À°¡ ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ ¾ÈÀåµÇ¾î °è½Ã´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½Åȣö Àå·Î´Ô²²¼­ ÁýÇÊÇϽŠ{¾çÈ­Áø ¼±±³»ç}(´ëÇÑ ¿¹¼ö±³Àå·Îȸ ¼­¿ï¼­³ëȸ, 2004) 279ÂÊ¿¡ ¼Ò°³µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹À̸§Àº Àü¸®¿À(ï£×âçö)À̸ç, ¾çÈ­Áø ºñ¹®¿¡´Â 'Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Ã漺µÈ Á¾'À̶ó°í ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À´Â ·Î¿ì·£µå ½ºÅ׺ù(Rowland Stebbing) °¡¹®ÀÇ 12´ë¼ÕÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹öÁö ÈÞ µ¥´Ï¿À(HUGH DENIO)¿Í ¾î¸Ó´Ï ·¹¶ó È£½ºÅ²Áî(LELA HOSKINS) »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ÀÏ°ö ÀÚ³àµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¸ºÀÌ·Î 1910³â 1¿ù 18ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÁÖ º£ÀÌÄ¿½ºÇʵ忡¼­ ž¼­ 1964³â 6¿ù 10ÀÏ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ¼Òõ Çϼ̴Ù. ½ºÇÁ·Î¿ï¸® ÈĹöÆ® µ¥´Ï¿À(SPROULIE H. DENIO)´Â Çѹøµµ °áÈ¥ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¼­¿ï¿¡¼­ ¼±±³»ç·Î »ç¿ªÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¾çÈ­Áø ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±±³»ç ¹¦¿ø¿¡ ¹¯Çû´Ù.
 
[ÀÚ·áÃâÀú:] http://www.yanghwajin.co.kr/sun/sun_book.php (¾çÈ­Áø¼±±³È¸) http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/a/l/t/Jeannette-Altair/GENE4-0010.html (µ¥´Ï¿À ¼±±³»ç) http://www.genealogy.com/users/a/l/t/Jeannette-Altair-/FILE/0001text.txt (µ¥´Ï¿À ¼±±³»ç) http://www.macoree.com/Jeoldusan.html 

Hugh B. Denio and Lela Hoskins Hugh B. Denio was born on September 5, 1886. He was only 5 when his family moved from Missouri to California (his family was reported to be living at Cameron Junction, Missouri in 1889). According to his son, Kenneth, Hugh remembers leaving a train station (possible the Bennington, Kansas station) for California in a rainstorm. He also occasionally spoke of an "Uncle Dexter" who would likely have been his father's brother, George Dexter, who lived in Missouri. 

Hugh grew up on the Rosedale property and attended Rosedale school(?). His early years were spent farming and driving teams. About the time he was married, he drove a stagecoach between Caliente and Bodfish in the foothills around the Kern River Canyon. He also farmed and later worked as an operating engineer for Union Oil Company in Rio Bravo, Orcutt and McKittrick, California. 

Hugh B. Denio married Lela J. Hoskins March 8, 1908 at "Father and Mother Denio's place" (the Rosedale ranch) in Bakersfield, California. They spent their first year of married life on Mrs. Philo Jewuts ranch. They moved from there to the oilfields where they spent one year of oilfield lease work. During this period of time, Lela ran a boarding house. They then moved to 24th and K Streets in Bakersfield. Hugh worked as an engineer for Union Oil Company in later years. The family lived in the communities of Orcutt, McKittrick, and Rio Bravo before moving into Bakersfield. One of the residences they lived in was 924 Oleander Avenue. They had seven children. 

* Sproulie H., born January 18, 1910 at the 24th and K Street house. He was not married and died in Korea on June 10, 1964. He is buried in Seoul, Korea. 
* Truman G., born June 29, 1911 at Norris District near Bakersfield. He married June Bertine Aarvig on _______. June died in Bakersfield on May 20, 1986. He died in Bakersfield, California on March 10, 1987. 
* Lena Mae, born January 26, 1913 when the family was living at 6th and K Streets in Bakersfield. She married John Hanson on ____________. They had one son, David. After John died, Lena married Wilbur Daly, originally from Michigan. Lena died at Sebastapol, California on June 16, 1990. 
* Mabel Lorene, born at the home of Trum and Bertie Denio on October 26, 1914. She married Newell Meyers on April 27, 1937. They had two children, Jane, born on September 30, 1940 and June, born on January 2, 1941. 
* Carl Joe, born July 8, 1917, at Avila, San Luis Obispo County, California. He married Nellie Douglas on _____. They had 5 children, Kim, Keri, Karlan, Tammy and Darin. Carl died in Albuquerque, New Mexico on November 20, 1994 and was buried at the Sunset Memorial Park in Albuquerque.
* Kenneth Everett, born at Orcutt, Santa Barbara County, California March 26, 1919. (History follows.) 
* Harry Ralph, born April 20, 1921 at Truman and Bertie Denio's home on Pacific Street, East Bakersfield, California. He married Evelyn Hernstedt on May 12, 1945. They had three children, Nancy, Ralph and Truman. Harry died in Ridgecrest, California on March 1, 1996. * Hugh's wife Lela died on March 26, 1949 in Bakersfield, California and was buried March 29, 1949 at the Greenlawn Cemetery in Bakersfield. He married again to Mae Valetta Crawford and lived in Los Gatos, California until his death. He died in San Jose, California on August 1, 1955 and was buried on August 5, 1955 in the Greenlawn Cemetery in Bakersfield.