¸ñȸ(Ministry)
2.3 ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé(Christian Churches/Churches of Christ)
±³È¸·ÐÀÇ À̽´µéÀº Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸(±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµé)¿Í ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé(1920³â´ë-1970³â´ë) »çÀÌ¿¡ ±í¾îÁ®°£ ºÐ¿ÀÇ »Ñ¸®¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×°ÍÀº ±äÀåÀ» Á¶¼ºÇÑ È¸Áß ¸ñȸÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼±¸Á¶µéº¸´Ù´Â ±³ÆÄ ¸ñȸÀÇ ´ëÇü±¸Á¶µé¿¡ ´õ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¾ç Áö·ùµéÀº °á±¹ ½ºÅæ-Ä·º§¿îµ¿¿¡¼ Ç×±¸ÀûÀÌ°í »çµµÀûÀÎ »ïÁßÁ÷ ¸ñȸ(Àå·Îµé/°¨µ¶µé, Áý»çµé, ÀüµµÀÚµé)¿Í °³ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼³±³¸ñ»çµéÀÇ ÀÓ¸í(local appointment)¿¡ Àü³äÇß´ø Á¦1-2¼¼´ë ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÇ Àú¼úµé¿¡¼ ²ø¾î³Â´Ù.
Á¦ÀÚµéÀÇ ¾È¼öÀ§¿øȸ(Commission on Ordination)°¡ 1939³â ÁÖ(ñ¶) ³»ÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀÌ ¾È¼ö À§¿øȸµé(ordination committees)À» ¸¸µé¾î¼ °³ ±³È¸ ¸ñ»çµé(local ministers)ÀÇ ¾È¼ö¿Í ¼³±³Çã°¡Áõ ºÎ¿©¸¦ °¨µ¶ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÀÚ´Â ¡®¸®Ä¡¸óµå º¸°í¼¡¯(Richmond Report)¸¦ ³»³õ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ¸¹Àº º¸¼öÀû Á¦ÀÚµéÀÌ ±× Á¦¾ÈÀ» ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñ»çµéÀ» ¾È¼öÇÒ °³ ±³È¸µéÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀ» ħÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Ò´Ù. ÀϺδ ±× º¸°í¼°¡ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ½ºÅæ-Ä·º§¿îµ¿ÀÇ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ °üÇàÀ̾ú´ø ¾È¼ö ±× ÀÚüÀÇ Èĺ¸ÀÚµéÀÇ ³í¸®Àû ±Ù°Å¿Í ´çÀ§¼º¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¿¬±¸¸¦ Áö¼ÓÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ÀýÂ÷µéÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡·Î ¶Ù¾î³Ñ¾î¹ö·È±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºñÆÇÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀϺδ °³ ±³È¸¿¡ ÆÄ¼ÛµÈ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¼±±³»çÀÎ ÀüµµÀÚÀÇ Ãʱ⠸ðµ¨ÀÇ »ó½Ç, Áï ¼³±³¸ñȸÀÇ Àü¹®È(Á÷¾÷È)¸¦ µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀüµµÀÚÀÇ ½ÅÀÓÀåÀº ±×°¡ ¼±Æ÷ÇÑ º¹À½À¸·Î µÇ¾úÁö, ±×°¡ ¹ÞÀº ½ÅºÐ¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Áõ¸íµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
È®½ÇÈ÷ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé(Christian Churches/Churches of Christ)Àº Á¤Ã¼¼º, ½ÅºÐ, °³ ±³È¸ ¸ñȸÀÚµéÀÇ ¾È¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé(Churches of Christ)°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °³ ±³È¸ÀÇ ¼³±³ÀÚ°¡ Ä¡¸®±ÇÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÀüµµÀÚ¿´´ÂÁö, ȤÀº ¼³±³ Àå·Î¿´´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹°À½Àº ¿À·¡µµ·Ï ÇØ°áÀÌ µÈµíÇßÁö¸¸, ÀüµµÀڷμ ¸ñȸÀÚÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹°À½µéÀº ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ç¶óÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸¸¾à ±×°¡ ÀüµµÀÚ¿´°í, (¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î) ÇÑ °÷¿¡¼ Ç×±¸ÀûÀÎ Á¤ÂøÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ±×°¡ °°Àº ȸÁß¿¡¼ ¿À·£ ±â°£ »ç¿ªÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, ±×ÀÇ ½ÅºÐÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×·¯¸é ¼³±³ÀÚ´Â ±â´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¾îµµ Àå·Î³ª ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¿´°í, ¾Æ¸¶µµ µ¿µîÇÑ Àå·Îµé °¡¿îµ¥¼ ¼ö¼®(âÏà¬)À¸·Î È°µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°Ú´Â°¡? ÀÌ·± °æÇâÀº Á¾Á¾ ÇÑ ±³È¸¸¦ 20³â ³Ñ°Ô ¼¶±ä ´ãÀÓ¸ñȸÀÚµéÀ» µÐ Å« ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé¿¡¼ Á¡ÁõÀûÀ¸·Î °üÂûµÇ¾îÁ®¿Ô´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆí, »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î À۰ųª ½Ã°ñ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº ±³È¸µé¿¡¼´Â ¼³±³ ¸ñȸÀÚ¸¦ ÀüµµÀÚÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °üÇà¿¡ È®°íÈ÷ ¹¿© ÀÖ¾î¼ ±×ÀÇ ¸ñȸ½ÅºÐÀÌ ±×°¡ ¼¶±â°Ô µÉ ¾î´À ÇÑ È¸Áß¿¡ ³¡±îÁö ¹ÀÌÁö¸¦ ¸øÇß´Ù.
¾È¼ö´Â »ó´çÈ÷ ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ÁÖÁ¦·Î Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾ú°í, ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀÇ ÀϺΠȸÁߵ鿡¼´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ¾ç¸éÀû °¡Ä¡·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Á¦ÀÓ½º µåÆ÷·¹½ºÆ® ¸ÖÄ¡(James DeForest Murch)°¡ ¹Ù¸£°Ô °üÂûÇÑ´ë·Î, ¸ñȸ »ç¿ª¿¡ ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ Èĺ¸ÀÚµéÀÌ ±³È¸µé¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö, ½ºÅæ-Ä·º§¿îµ¿¿¡¼ ¾È¼ö´Â ±×´ÙÁö À̽´°¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ¡®»çµµÀû °è½Â¡¯(apostolic succession)À» °ÆÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÀüµµÀÚµé°ú ´É·ÂÀ» °ú½ÃÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» º¸È£ÇÏ°í ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¾È¼öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ôµµ ±×µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸ñȸÀÚµéÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ¾È¼öÇÒ °³ ±³È¸(ȸÁß)ÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ·Á°í ¾Æ¿ì¼ºÀ» Ä£ ¹Ù·Î ±× µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ±³È¸µéÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐ ¾È¼öÇÏ½Ç ºÐÀº Çϳª´Ô ÇѺлÓÀÌÁö, Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ßÇظ¦ °®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á¾µéÀ» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ¼¼¿ì°í ¾È¼öÇÒ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ´É·ÂÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤Àº ȸÁß¿¡°Ô¸¸ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé¿¡¼ÀÇ Ç¥ÁØ°üÇàÀº ȸÁßÀÇ È¸¿øµéÀÌ ½ÅÀÓ ¸ñȸÀÚ, ½ÅÀÓ Àå·Îµé°ú Áý»çµéÀ» ¼±ÃâÇϸç, ±×µéÀ» ¾È¼öÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Àå·ÎµéÀÇ ±ÇÇÑ ¾Æ·¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¼³±³ ¸ñȸÀÚµéÀÌ ÃʺùÇϴ ȸÁß¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Ç×»ó ¾È¼ö¸¦ ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ë°³´Â ¸ð ±³È¸¿¡¼ ¾È¼ö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é ´Ù¸¥ ȸÁßµéÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ¾È¼öÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í À̸¦ ÀÎÁ¤ÇØÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÎÀÇ ±³È¸µé/±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ±³È¸µé¿¡¼´Â °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ¸ñȸ Á÷Á¦(order)¸¦ °áÄÚ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¾øÁö¸¸, ÇÑ °¡Áö °ð ¼ºÁ÷ÀÚµé°ú Æò½Åµµ¸¦ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸ÅÀº ¿Â¸öÀ» ´øÁ®¼ °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.
3. °á·Ð
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Bibliography
Lynn Anderson, They Smell Like Sheep: Spiritual Leadership for the 21st Century (1997). Weldon Bailey Bennett, "The Concept of Ministry in the Thought of Representative Men of the Disciples of Christ" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California, 1971). H. Leo Boles, The Eldership of the Churches of Christ (1900). G. C. Brewer, The Model Church (1919-1957). John Harold Cannon, "New Direction for Church Leadership: The Reaffirmation and Selection of Elders Among Churches of Christ" (D.Min. thesis, Abilene Christian University, 1991). Pat Casey, "The Role of the Preacher as Set Forth in the Gospel Advocate from 1895 through 1910" (D.Min. thesis, Harding Graduate School of Religion, 1980). Robert Chitwood, "A Critical Examination of the Doctrine of Ordination in the Christian Churches and Churches of Christ (North American Christian Convention) with Implications for the Future" (D.Min. dissertation, San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1988). Douglas A. Foster, Mel E. Hailey, and Thomas L, Winter, Ministers at the Millennium: A Survey of Preachers in Churches of Christ (2000). Freed-Hardeman University, Gender and Ministry: The Role of the Woman in the Work and Worship of the Church (1990). James Deforest Murch, The Free Church: A Treatise on Church Polity with Special Reference to Doctrine and Practice in Christian Churches and Churches of Christ (1966). C. R. Nichol, God's Woman (1938). Carroll D. Osburn, Women in the Church: Reclaiming the Ideal (2001). Carroll D. Osburn, ed., Essays on Women in Earliest Christianity, 2 vols. (1993-1995). J. Stephen Sandifer, Deacons, Male and Female? A Study for Churches of Christ (1989). Robert Carl Spain, "A Study of the Evangelistic Ministry in the Churches of Christ" (Ph.D. dissertation, southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1963). W. R. Walker, A Ministering Ministry (1938). D. Newell Williams, Ministry Among Disciples: Past, Present, Future (1985).
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